Multiple-choice

1. Participants in research have the right to concealment and protection of their identities and information they have shared. This is known as the right to:

   	a.	Protection from harm.
   	b.	Privacy.
   	c.	Informed consent.
   	d.	Knowledge of results.

5 points

QUESTION 2

1. Developmental science is a field of study devoted to:

   	a.	Proving contemporary theories of development.
   	b.	Understanding abnormal development in children and adolescents.
   	c.	Understanding constancy and change throughout the lifespan.
   	d.	Identifying genetic contributions to disease and illness.

5 points

QUESTION 3

1. _____________________ study the relationship between changes in the brain and the development of cognitive processing and behavioral patterns. They are interested in identifying the types of experiences to which the brain is sensitive at various ages.

   	a.	Cognitive-developmental theorists.
   	b.	Behaviorists.
   	c.	Developmental cognitive neuroscientists.
   	d.	Evolutionary theorists.

5 points

QUESTION 4

1. The ___________________ measures behavior on a large number of individuals in a particular age group and averages the results to represent typical development for that group.

   	a.	Information processing approach.
   	b.	Psychoanalytic perspective.
   	c.	Mental testing movement.
   	d.	Normative approach.

5 points

QUESTION 5

1. The least developed sense at birth is the infant’s:

   	a.	Hearing.
   	b.	Vision.
   	c.	Touch.
   	d.	Smell.

5 points

QUESTION 6

1. A developmental design that minimizes problems with cohort effects in other developmental designs is:

   	a.	Experimental.
   	b.	Correlational.
   	c.	Sequential.
   	d.	Cross-sectional.

5 points

QUESTION 7

1. Theorists who point to early experiences as establishing a lifelong pattern of behavior emphasize:

   	a.	Stages.
   	b.	Discontinuity.
   	c.	Stability.
   	d.	Traits.

5 points

QUESTION 8

1. A criticism of Piaget’s theory is that:

   	a.	He was too focused on observable behavior.
   	b.	He underestimated the competencies of infants and preschoolers.
   	c.	He was too focused on early childhood experiences as determinants of behavior.
   	d.	He only considered what children learned through observing adult models of behavior.

5 points

QUESTION 9

1. Senior citizens in the United States today are:

   	a.	Less likely than Canadian seniors to be poverty stricken.
   	b.	More likely than any other group to be among the “near poor.”
   	c.	More likely to be homeless than in the past.
   	d.	Less likely to be healthy and independent than in the past.

5 points

QUESTION 10

1. A __________ interview is more efficient than a _________ interview because researchers can obtain written responses from an entire group simultaneously.

   	a.	Clinical; naturalistic.
   	b.	Structured; naturalistic.
   	c.	Clinical; structured.
   	d.	Structured; clinical.

5 points

QUESTION 11

1. History-graded influences explain why ___________ tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born at other times.

   	a.	Siblings.
   	b.	Coworkers.
   	c.	Cohorts.
   	d.	Friends.

5 points

QUESTION 12

1. In reference to humans, information processing refers to how:

   	a.	People manipulate, code, transform, and organize information.
   	b.	Scientists study cognitive related changes in the brain.
   	c.	People adapt behavior for survival.
   	d.	All of the above.

5 points

QUESTION 13

1. ______________ views individuals as developing within a complex system of multiple environmental relationships.

   	a.	Psychoanalytic theory.
   	b.	Ecological systems theory.
   	c.	Social learning theory.
   	d.	Psychosocial theory.

5 points

QUESTION 14

1. Dizygotic twins:

   	a.	Have the same genetic makeup.
   	b.	Develop more rapidly than children of single births.
   	c.	Are no more alike than ordinary siblings.
   	d.	Are less likely with each additional birth.

5 points

QUESTION 15

1. ________________ weigh(s) the costs of the research to participants in terms of risks versus benefits.

   	a.	Informed consent boards.
   	b.	The American Psychological Association.
   	c.	Institutional review boards.
   	d.	Research participant committees.

5 points

QUESTION 16

1. In the psychosexual theory of development, Freud described that during the genital stage people are:

   	a.	Directed toward sucking.
   	b.	Directed toward controlling bladder and bowels.
   	c.	Directed toward genital stimulation.
   	d.	Directed toward sexual maturity.

5 points

QUESTION 17

1. _______________ is the research method that seeks to capture a culture or distinct social group’s unique values and social processes with extensive field notes from observations.

   	a.	Clinical interview.
   	b.	Structured interview.
   	c.	Ethnography.
   	d.	Case study.

5 points

QUESTION 18

1. In ecological systems theory, the ________________ consists of activities and interactions in the individual’s immediate surroundings.

   	a.	Microsystem.
   	b.	Macrosystem.
   	c.	Chronosystem.
   	d.	Mesosystem.

5 points

QUESTION 19

1. Of all Western nations, __________ has the highest percentage of extremely poor children.

   	a.	The United States.
   	b.	Canada.
   	c.	Germany.
   	d.	France.

5 points

QUESTION 20

1. Contributions of Piaget’s cognitive development theory include:

   	a.	Recognition of children as active learners.
   	b.	Encouragement of educational programs that emphasize discovery learning.
   	c.	Encouraging research on how children perceive themselves and others.
   	d.	All of the above.