Discuss the evolution of African history as an academic field from the nineteenth century to the present. 2. Describe the military reforms attributed to King Shaka of Zululand during the early nineteenth century, history homework help

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B. Essays Questions:

To To prepare for the essay part of the exam, use the following questions. These questions are for review only. The final exam will be selected from this list. Expect 3-4 questions on the final exam from this list. The final exam questions could be reworded combined. You can write as long you want, but use relevant facts and elaborate your answers sufficently..

Questions for Essay

1. Discuss the evolution of African history as an academic field from the nineteenth century to the present.

2. Describe the military reforms attributed to King Shaka of Zululand during the early nineteenth century. How did the rise of the Zulu nation under the leadership of Shaka affect the political developments in Southern Africa?

3.What were the causes for the European scramble for African colonies in the late 19^th century? What did European powers actually accomplish at the Berlin Conference in 1884-85?

4. Discuss European conquest and occupation of one of these colonies: Senegal, Gold Coast, Nigeria, Rhodesia, Congo (Belgian). Who played a major role in the conquest of each colony? (Identify the individuals/groups who participated in the process, from both European and African side).

5. How did Africans respond to colonial rule during the early phase? Take a specific example and highlight the nature of African resistance to colonial rule. Who were the leaders? What were their strategies to challenge colonial rule? Were they effective? Why? Why not? Use specific examples to illustrate your case.

6. Discuss British and French colonial administrative models. What were the advantages and disadvantages of each administrative model for the colonizing power and/or the Africans?

7, Discuss the strategies used by the educated African elite to oppose colonial rule.
What were their main grievances? Were they effective in their oppositions? Why?
Why not? Use specific examples to illustrate your case.

8. Compare and contrast the process of decolonization of British colonies in
West Africa (Gold Coast or Nigeria) with the Belgian Congo. What were the
causes of the Congo crisis of the early 1960s?

9. Why was decolonization delayed and required armed struggle in the settler colonies? Take a specific colony and discuss.

10. How did colonialism end in the Portuguese colonies? Take Angola or Mozambique and discuss.

11. What are the major political issues that African nations faced after independence?
How did the leaders try to solve these issues? Why did they fail? Discuss.

12. What internal and external factors caused the economic decline and crises in Africa in the 1970s and 1980s? Discuss.