Directions: Read at least 10 peer-reviewed articles in your general dissertation field that you have not read previously. In the “Literature Review Resources” document that you submitted in your previ

Directions: Read at least 10 peer-reviewed articles in your general dissertation field that you have not read previously. In the “Literature Review Resources” document that you submitted in your previ
College of Doctoral Studies PSY-804 Literature Review Resources Number Article Information Added to RefWorks? (Y or N) Bibliographic Information Turney  K, Lanuza  YR.  Parental incarceration and the transition to adulthood.  J Marriage Fam. 2017;79(5):1314-1330. doi:10.1111/jomf.12429 Link doi:10.1111/jomf.12429 Annotation This publication gives a clear picture of how parental confinement in prisons affects kid’s state of living in their entire life duration. For instance, it reflects that children with physical disabilities or other health issues are the ones affected more if their guardians are arrested which result in elevated inequality amid them. Turney document the extent of parental imprisonment and they concluded that it affects kid’s way of living through causing stigma due to the absence of guardians, trauma forms of disorders, and other illegal justice procedures. Moreover, for learners who face these distinct issues due to their parent’s confinement in jail their education, character, well-being, plus hardship can deprive also them. Additionally, the article illustrates some of the critical programs that the authors present that can help advance the health of kids who are affected by the imprisonment of their parents. Bibliographic Information Phillips  SD, Erkanli  A, Keeler  G, Costello  EJ, Angold  A.  Disentangling the risks: parent criminal justice involvement and children’s exposure to family risks.  Criminal Public Policy. 2006;5(4):677-702. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2006.00404.x Link doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2006.00404.x Annotation This publication illustrates that parents perform a significant function to ensure the suitable living of their young ones, plus parental inclusion within basic learning mostly impacts young one’s well-being. For example, it boosts learner’s academic accomplishments, and lower the cases of learners level of drop out. Also, the author reflects that young ones encounter many problems such as health issues, growth difficulties, plus economic issues in distinct methods if their guardians spent most of their time confined in prison. Again, it indicates that when a region is occupied by a huge group of people who are incarcerated, then issues of inequality plus the elimination of some people do occur throughout the generation. Bibliographic Information Mears  DP, Siennick  SE.  Young adult outcomes and the life-course penalties of parental incarceration.  J Res Crime Delinq. 2016;53(1):3-35. doi:10.1177/0022427815592452 Link doi:10.1177/0022427815592452 Annotation Mears and Siennick discuss the It also gives an analysis of how the information was gather between 1980s to 1990s indicate an increase of parental imprisonment case within the United States. Bibliographic Information Kopak  AM, Smith-Ruiz  D.  Criminal justice involvement, drug use, and depression among African American children of incarcerated parents.  Race Justice. 2015;6(2):89-116. doi:10.1177/2153368715586633 Link doi:10.1177/2153368715586633 Annotation The author discuss the relationship between young children aggression and involvement in criminal offending due to exposure to parental incarceration through mass incarceration. Using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, this study shows the effects of paternal incarceration on young child aggression levels, which suggest that boys would be highly impacted experiencing high risk of aggression and criminal offending. Mapping, in this context, provides representative data showing the disadvantage and higher risk of African American children experiencing the alarmingly increasing paternal incarceration rate. The results demonstrate negative impacts on child wellbeing when experiencing the possible outcomes of children having an incarcerated father such as visitation, phone communication, and absence causing long lasting results. The detailed article provided evidence that suggests mass incarceration and the absence of parents especially fathers is damaging to children and communities. Black communities are disproportionately represented and children are at risk of a ripple effect of criminal offending, aggression, and depression. Kopak is effective and thorough in style while engaging the audience. His article is far-reaching the information and data necessary for the topic. Bibliographic Information Geller, A., Cooper, C. E., Garfinkel, I., Schwartz-Soicher, O., & Mincy, R. B. (2011). Beyond absenteeism: Father incarceration and child development. Demography, 49(1), 49–76. Link https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-011-0081-9 Annotation Research on the relationship between young children well-being and paternal incarceration was reviewed by Geller, Cooper, Garfinkel, Schwartz-Soicher, and Mincy using vigorous methods to find evidence and effects. Using convenience samples and cross-sectional this study shows that children of urban families with absent fathers due to incarceration are far more negative impacted. The research conducted measured and defined a number of degrees of pre-incarceration child development and family fixed outcomes. The study also provided evidence of impact among young children through disruption of parent-child bonds, negative consequences due to limited visitation, decrease in household resources, substantial changes, and high risk of separation, divorce, and conflict. In general, studies of this paternal incarceration have limitations due to sample sizing and lack of questioning of young children and their feelings towards the paternal absence. This research is a comprehensive analysis using administrative data to evaluate the mental and behavioral outcomes of young children experiencing paternal incarceration. Bibliographic Information Turney  K.  Adverse childhood experiences among children of incarcerated parents.  Child Youth Serv Rev. 2018;89:218-225. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.04.033 Link doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.04.033 Annotation This study examined the relationship between incarcerated parents and child well-being. Incarceration of a parent while is impactful, maternal incarnation is more impactful because more children were indicated to leave with the mother before the separation due to incarceration. The authors found that the experience of separation due to prison or jail time can have long term impacts on young causing anxiety, increase risk of delinquent behavior, depression, and aggression. It also explored the parent-child relationship before, during, and after parental incarceration. Importantly, there are short and long term behavioral, social, and emotional impacts when coping with an incarcerated parent. Future research is discussed applying emphasis on the over representation and concentration of African Americans parental incarceration. This article analyzes the impacts and levels of risk factors facing children of incarcerated parents. The child’s relationship with the incarcerated parent can cause aggression, depression, anxiety, and many other internalizing effects. Bibliographic Information Miller  HV, Barnes  JC.  The association between parental incarceration and health, education, and economic outcomes in young adulthood.  Am J Crim Justice. 2015;40(4):765-784. doi:10.1007/s12103-015-9288-4 Link doi:10.1007/s12103-015-9288-4 Annotation This thorough research investigation focus upon the parental incarceration and long-lasting psychopathology, emotional, behavioral, and social outcomes of children. The analysis contented long term tracking of children, representative samples, and control groups to evaluate crime, depression, and antisocial behavior among children whom experienced parental incarceration. Complex problems face children at a higher risk to experience maternal incarceration when compared to fathers absent due to incarceration studies concluded. Researchers have detailed study the impact of parental incarceration on children and their involvement in criminal offending as a result. The results concluded that although parental incarceration has an impact on children risk of criminal offending, maternal incarceration has a stronger risk of impacting and influencing children risk of offending. The authors were successful in finding complex difficulties that are more impactful for children that experience paternal incarceration such as stigma, aggression, separation of siblings, attachment insecurities, anxiety, antisocial outcomes, higher risk of poverty, and conflict with rejection. This article contains information and data useful to the concept of the study. Bibliographic Information Gaston  S.  The long-term effects of parental incarceration: does parental incarceration in childhood or adolescence predict depressive symptoms in adulthood?  Crim Justice Behav. 2016;43(8):1056-1075. doi:10.1177/0093854816628905 Link doi:10.1177/0093854816628905 Annotation Research on the relationship between young children well-being and paternal incarceration was reviewed by the authors using vigorous methods to find evidence and effects. Using convenience samples and cross-sectional this study shows that children of urban families with absent fathers due to incarceration are far more negative impacted. The research conducted measured and defined a number of degrees of pre-incarceration child development and family fixed outcomes. The study also provided evidence of impact among young children through disruption of parent-child bonds, negative consequences due to limited visitation, decrease in household resources, substantial changes, and high risk of separation, divorce, and conflict. In general, studies of this paternal incarceration have limitations due to sample sizing and lack of questioning of young children and their feelings towards the paternal absence. This research is a comprehensive analysis using administrative data to evaluate the mental and behavioral outcomes of young children experiencing paternal incarceration. Bibliographic InformationHeard-Garris  N, Winkelman  TNA, Choi  H,  et al.  Health care use and health behaviors among young adults with history of parental incarceration.  Pediatrics. 2018;142(3):e20174314. doi:10.1542/peds.2017-4314 Link doi:10.1542/peds.2017-4314 Annotation This article contains data on the overwhelming number of children effected by parental incarceration. The author discussed raising parenteral incarceration rates and the negative impact on young. The author used linked organized data and very rigorous methods, to present evidence that shows that children with incarcerated parents are often not question by government officials, recognized, or properly counted. This is an extremely comprehensive analysis of the mental and behavioral consequences of paternal incarceration for children which increase the risk of anxiety, poverty, assault, and aggression. The study examined the emotional and social health of young children visiting incarcerated parents and the long term possible impacts. The author also expressed great value in research about children of incarcerated parents due to limited research on this population of people. Furthermore, the author concluded young children are not often talk to about their feelings towards losing parents to prison which leads to issues with coping and addressing challenges. Data and studies included in this article are beneficial to the topic when understanding the impacts of both maternal and paternal incarceration on young children. Bibliographic Information Wildeman  C.  Parental imprisonment, the prison boom, and the concentration of childhood disadvantage.  Demography. 2009;46(2):265-280. doi:10.1353/dem.0.0052 Link doi:10.1353/dem.0.0052 Annotation This study examined the relationship between incarcerated parents and child well-being. Incarceration of a parent while is impactful, maternal incarnation is more impactful because more children were indicated to leave with the mother before the separation due to incarceration. The authors found that the experience of separation due to prison or jail time can have long term impacts on young causing anxiety, increase risk of delinquent behavior, depression, and aggression. It also explored the parent-child relationship before, during, and after parental incarceration. Importantly, there are short and long term behavioral, social, and emotional impacts when coping with an incarcerated parent. Future research is discussed applying emphasis on the over representation and concentration of African Americans parental incarceration. This article analyzes the impacts and levels of risk factors facing children of incarcerated parents. The child’s relationship with the incarcerated parent can cause aggression, depression, anxiety, and many other internalizing effects.