Interactive Physiology Exercises To successfully complete this assignment, follow the instructions below: ATTACHED ARE THE WORKSHEETS

Interactive Physiology Exercises To successfully complete this assignment, follow the instructions below: ATTACHED ARE THE WORKSHEETS
Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Output Worksheet Write the equation for cardiac output. Define end diastolic volume (EDV). What are the two factors that cause cardiac output to increase during exercise? The result of subtracting end systolic volume from end diastolic volume is called _______________. The product of heart rate times stroke volume is called _______________. The autonomic nervous system can increase heart rate through what two mechanisms? While running, your heart’s stroke volume can increase by what two mechanisms? How does parasympathetic stimulation decrease cardiac output? How could a slower heart rate increase stroke volume?
Interactive Physiology Exercises To successfully complete this assignment, follow the instructions below: ATTACHED ARE THE WORKSHEETS
Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Cycle Which wave of the electrocardiogram (ECG) precedes isovolumetric relaxation? During which phase is there a decrease in the volume of the ventricles? During which phase of the cardiac cycle is the pressure in the left ventricle higher than the pressure in the aorta? The phase of the cardiac cycle where the ventricles are in systole but there is no change in ventricular volume is called _________________________. Closure of the atrioventricular valves marks the beginning of which phase of the cardiac cycle? Name the phase when the atrioventricular valves and the semilunar valves are all closed during ventricular diastole. What pressure condition must be met for the mitral valve to open? What pressure condition must be met for the aortic valve to close?
Interactive Physiology Exercises To successfully complete this assignment, follow the instructions below: ATTACHED ARE THE WORKSHEETS
Cardiovascular System: Action Potentials in Autorhythmic Cells Depolarizing current from the autorhythmic cells causes the ventricular muscle cells to ______________. How do the waves of depolarization generated by the autorhythmic cells spread to the muscle cells? _____________________ The pacemaker potential is due to a/an (decreased or increased) efflux of ____ ions compared to a normal influx of ____ ions. Threshold for the action potential in the SA node is at ____ mV. What channels open, causing depolarization? ______________ If the sodium channel or the fast calcium channels are open, the inside of the cell would be relatively more ______________. The reversal of membrane potential causes the _____ channels to open, causing the ______________ of the membrane. Name the three channels essential for generating an action potential and indicate which way the ions move (circle the correct one): 1. ______________ channels into or out of 2. ______________ channels into or out of 3. ______________ channels into or out of The ______________ pumps sodium out and potassium into the cell, restoring ion concentrations to their resting levels. Gap junctions allow what cations to pass into the cardiac contractile cells, causing the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels? _________________________
Interactive Physiology Exercises To successfully complete this assignment, follow the instructions below: ATTACHED ARE THE WORKSHEETS
Cardiovascular System: Intrinsic Conduction System of the Heart 1. List the functions for the following parts of the intrinsic conduction system: a. SA node ____________________________ b. AV node ____________________________ c. AV bundle (bundle of His) ____________________________ d. Bundle branches __________________________ e. Purkinje fibers ____________________________ 2. The action potentials spread from the autorhythmic cells of the intrinsic conduction system (electrical event) to the ______________ cells. The resulting mechanical events cause a heartbeat. 3. A tracing of the electrical activity of the heart is called a/an ________________. 4. What do the following wave forms reflect? a. P wave ____________________________ b. QRS complex ____________________________ c. T wave ____________________________ 5. In a normal ECG wave tracing, atrial repolarization is hidden by the ___________________. 6. Electrical events lead to mechanical events. For example, the P wave represents ____________ depolarization, which leads to atrial _____________.