Has anyone done this project?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Effects of Acid Rain
\nCarolina Distance Learning\n<\/p>\n
Investigation Manual\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
2\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n\u00a92015 Carolina Biological Supply Company\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
3\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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Table of Contents\n<\/p>\n
Overview …………………………………………………………………………………………… 4\n<\/p>\n
Objectives …………………………………………………………………………………………. 4\n<\/p>\n
Time Requirements ……………………………………………………………………………. 4\n<\/p>\n
Background ………………………………………………………………………………………. 5\n<\/p>\n
Materials ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 9\n<\/p>\n
Safety ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10\n<\/p>\n
Preparation ……………………………………………………………………………………… 11\n<\/p>\n
Activity 1: Germination in an Acidic Environment ………………………….. 12\n<\/p>\n
Activity 2: Buffering Capacity of Soil ……………………………………………….. 13\n<\/p>\n
Disposal and Cleanup …………………………………………………………………….. 14\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Overview\n<\/p>\n
In this series of hands-on activities, students will learn about the biological,\n<\/p>\n
environmental, and chemical mechanisms that are associated with acid rain. First,\n<\/p>\n
determine the pH of unpolluted rain and observe the effect of acid rain on seed\n<\/p>\n
germination. Then investigate the buffering effects of different types of soil in the\n<\/p>\n
student\u2019s locale.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Outcomes\n<\/p>\n
\uf0b7 Interpret the effect of acid rain on the germination of lettuce seeds.\n<\/p>\n
\uf0b7 Explain how soil composition can mitigate the effects of acid deposition.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Time Requirements\n<\/p>\n
Preparation ………………………………………………………………………………… 30 minutes\n<\/p>\n
Activity 1 …………………………………………………………………………………….45 minutes + 3 days\n<\/p>\n
Activity 2 …………………………………………………………………………………….90 minutes\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Background\n<\/p>\n
Acid Deposition\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Despite significant reductions in air pollutant emissions over the past 30 years, acid\n<\/p>\n
deposition remains a threat to human-made structures, aquatic organisms, forests, and\n<\/p>\n
human health. The process of acid deposition begins when gaseous sulfur dioxide and\n<\/p>\n
nitrogen oxides (nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and dinitrogen monoxide) are\n<\/p>\n
released into the atmosphere and react with oxygen and water to form sulfuric and\n<\/p>\n
nitric acids as well as sulfate and nitrate salts. This is most commonly encountered as\n<\/p>\n
acid rain, but may also include acidic snow, clouds and fog.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2SO2(g) + O2(g) \uf0e0 2SO3(g)\n<\/p>\n
SO3(g) + H2O(l) \uf0e0 H2SO4(aq)\n<\/p>\n
H2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) \uf0e0 SO4 2\u2013(aq) + 2H3O+(aq)\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
NO, NO2, N2O(g) + O2(g) + H2O(l) \uf0e0 HNO3(aq)\n<\/p>\n
HNO3(aq) + H2O(l) \uf0e0 NO3(aq) + H3O+(aq)\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
The Hydrologic Cycle\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
As precipitation falls, carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere dissolves in the water\n<\/p>\n
and reacts to form carbonic acid, H2CO3, which is a weak acid. For this reason,\n<\/p>\n
unpolluted rainwater is acidic, with a pH value around 5.6.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
CO2(g) + H2O(l) \uf0e0 H2CO3(aq)\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
When precipitation reaches the ground, it runs off into surface water or infiltrates the\n<\/p>\n
soil. The water that infiltrates the soil percolates through permeable rock and into\n<\/p>\n
groundwater. Both surface water and groundwater proceed to the ocean. Water\n<\/p>\n
returns to the atmosphere when surface water or ocean water evaporates and plants\n<\/p>\n
transpire.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Areas Affected by Acid Deposition\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
The major sources of sulfur dioxide emission in the United States are coal-burning\n<\/p>\n
electric utilities (70%), whereas the major sources in Canada are industrial plants\n<\/p>\n
(60%). Emitted gases rise into the atmosphere, where they are carried east and\n<\/p>\n
northeast by prevailing westerly winds. These winds can disperse the pollutants\n<\/p>\n
hundreds of miles from their source. In fact, most of the acid deposition that affects the\n<\/p>\n
northeast United States and eastern Canada originates in the Midwest region of the\n<\/p>\n
United States. As these gases get carried by the winds, they react with oxygen and\n<\/p>\n
water to form sulfuric and nitric acids, as well as sulfate and nitrate particles. Acid\n<\/p>\n
deposition is a regional rather than global problem because of the limited force of the <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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wind currents. Nevertheless, winds can carry air pollutants over political borders and\n<\/p>\n
create tension between neighboring countries. For example, tensions ran high in the\n<\/p>\n
late 1980s when it was found that air pollutants originating in the U.S. were being blown\n<\/p>\n
into Canada.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Major areas affected by acid deposition include the northeastern United States and\n<\/p>\n
southeastern Canada. Acid deposition in these regions is intensified due to the large\n<\/p>\n
number of factories and coal-fired power plants in the Midwest United States. Areas of\n<\/p>\n
Central Europe and Scandinavia are also affected by acid deposition due to\n<\/p>\n
directional winds carrying pollutants from factories in Great Britain and other European\n<\/p>\n
countries. Large areas of Asia, including India and China, are also affected by acid\n<\/p>\n
deposition due to their reliance on coal-fired plants for energy and industrial production\n<\/p>\n
needs.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Effects of Acid Deposition\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Acid deposition affects plants, human-made structures, surface water, aquatic\n<\/p>\n
organisms, and human health. Acid deposition damages the leaves and bark of trees,\n<\/p>\n
impairing the ability of trees to photosynthesize, leaving them vulnerable to insects and\n<\/p>\n
disease. The acid burns leaves by removing the outer coating, leaving brown spots.\n<\/p>\n
Acid deposition also leaches nutrients, such as calcium and magnesium from the soil,\n<\/p>\n
depriving already weakened trees of essential minerals. Acid also releases into the soil\n<\/p>\n
toxic aluminum ions that were once attached to minerals, potentially damaging plant\n<\/p>\n
roots. Trees at higher elevations are especially susceptible, because cloud vapor can\n<\/p>\n
be 10 to 100 times more acidic than acid rain and can bathe trees in acid for days at a\n<\/p>\n
time. As water evaporates from the acidic raindrops on a plant, the acidity of the\n<\/p>\n
raindrops can increase.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Acid deposition can deteriorate certain materials and corrode certain metals. Many\n<\/p>\n
ancient statues and buildings are made of marble and limestone, two forms of calcium\n<\/p>\n
carbonate (CaCO3). The Colosseum in Rome and the Taj Mahal in India both show signs\n<\/p>\n
of degradation caused by acid deposition.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Perhaps the best-known effect of acid deposition is the acidification of surface water\n<\/p>\n
and the resultant harm to aquatic organisms. As fish and amphibians develop, the eggs\n<\/p>\n
are particularly sensitive to changes in pH. Although tolerance varies by species, fish\n<\/p>\n
eggs generally will not hatch in water with a pH of 5 or lower. Suboptimal pH is not\n<\/p>\n
necessarily lethal, but it often leads to lower body weight and smaller size, making fish\n<\/p>\n
more vulnerable to predation and less able to compete for food. Acid deposition also\n<\/p>\n
releases into surface waters aluminum ions that once were attached to minerals in\n<\/p>\n
nearby soils. These ions stimulate excessive mucus formation in fish. This mucus clogs gills\n<\/p>\n
and ultimately asphyxiates many kinds of fish. A decline in the number of pH-sensitive\n<\/p>\n
organisms can significantly disrupt an ecosystem and seriously affect the food web.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Acid deposition affects more than just the pH of water. The influx of nitrogen from nitric\n<\/p>\n
acid deposition into surface waters can lead to eutrophic conditions. Symptoms of <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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eutrophication include toxic and non-toxic algal blooms, declines in the health of fish\n<\/p>\n
and shellfish, and decreases in dissolved oxygen levels. Eutrophic conditions brought\n<\/p>\n
about by anthropogenic sources such as acid deposition can greatly threaten the\n<\/p>\n
biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted a National Surface Water\n<\/p>\n
Survey to determine how many lakes and streams were affected by chronic acidity\n<\/p>\n
and the percentage of these waters that were chronically acidic due to acid\n<\/p>\n
deposition. The survey revealed that acid deposition is responsible for approximately\n<\/p>\n
75% of acidified lakes and 50% of acidified streams. The affected areas include the\n<\/p>\n
Adirondacks, mid-Appalachian highlands, the upper Midwest, and high-elevation West.\n<\/p>\n
In areas such as the northeastern U.S., where there is poor buffering capacity, some\n<\/p>\n
lakes now have a pH lower than 5. Little Echo Pond in Franklin, New York, is one of the\n<\/p>\n
most acidic lakes reported, with a pH of 4.2.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Some soils are and water systems are better able to resist changes in pH. Typically soils\n<\/p>\n
with higher clay content (or water systems located where there is clay content in the\n<\/p>\n
soil) are better able to resist the change in pH because of the chemical composition of\n<\/p>\n
the soil. The chemicals act as a buffer, meaning that they react with the acid first, and\n<\/p>\n
prevent an immediate change in the pH of the soil or water. This buffering, helps\n<\/p>\n
prevent large changes in pH if there is only occasional acid deposition. If there is a\n<\/p>\n
large amount, or continual acid deposition, the pH would still decrease, but typically\n<\/p>\n
this will occur at a slower rate than locations without this buffer.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Acid deposition does not cause direct harm to people; however, the pollutants that\n<\/p>\n
cause acid deposition can directly affect human health. Lung cancer, asthma,\n<\/p>\n
bronchitis, and emphysema can be caused and\/or aggravated by air pollutants. For\n<\/p>\n
example, the prevalence of respiratory ailments is 50% higher in the most polluted areas\n<\/p>\n
of Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic than in cleaner areas of those countries.\n<\/p>\n
Senior citizens, children, and people with weakened immune systems are advised to\n<\/p>\n
stay inside during times of peak air pollution in many metropolitan cities.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Solutions\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments, enacted in 1990, contains provisions to\n<\/p>\n
regulate the emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide compounds. The EPA\n<\/p>\n
established the Allowance Trading System in 1995. Under the auspices of this program,\n<\/p>\n
regulated companies are allocated permits, called allowances, which allow them to\n<\/p>\n
emit 1 ton of sulfur dioxide per allowance. The allowances may be used in the year\n<\/p>\n
allocated or saved for future use. Companies can even buy, sell, or trade allowances.\n<\/p>\n
Nitrogen oxides are controlled by a rate-based regulatory system that sets a limit on the\n<\/p>\n
pounds of nitrogen oxides per million British thermal units (lbs\/mmBTUs) emitted by every\n<\/p>\n
power plant\u2019s boilers.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
One way coal-fired power plants can reduce sulfur dioxide emissions is to burn coal\n<\/p>\n
with lower sulfur content. Low-sulfur coal contains 0\u20131% sulfur, and high-sulfur coal <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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contains 2\u20134% sulfur. Sulfur dioxide emissions can also be reduced through the\n<\/p>\n
installation of wet scrubbers at coal-fired power plants. Though costly to install at\n<\/p>\n
existing power plants, scrubbers can remove 80\u201395% of emitted sulfur dioxides. Another\n<\/p>\n
method, fluidized bed combustion, creates an environment in which combustion can\n<\/p>\n
occur at a lower temperature and flue gases come into contact with sulfur-absorbing\n<\/p>\n
materials. Lower amounts of nitrogen oxides are formed at lower combustion\n<\/p>\n
temperatures. Sulfur-absorbing chemicals, such as limestone, then capture the sulfur\n<\/p>\n
oxides before they are released into the environment. This process reduces emissions of\n<\/p>\n
sulfur oxides by approximately 90% and nitrogen oxides by 15\u201335%. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Materials\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Included in the materials kit:\n<\/p>\n
Bogen Universal Indicator, 15 mL 1\n<\/p>\n
Bogen Universal Indicator Chart 1\n<\/p>\n
Petri dish 4\n<\/p>\n
Vinegar, 120 mL 1\n<\/p>\n
Filter paper 4\n<\/p>\n
Lettuce seed pack 1\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Needed from the equipment kit:\n<\/p>\n
Plastic cups 4\n<\/p>\n
Pipets 5\n<\/p>\n
Graduated Cylinder, 100-mL 1\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Needed, but not supplied:\n<\/p>\n
Water, Tap\n<\/p>\n
Samples of soil of 3 types\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Reorder Information: Replacement supplies for the Effects of Acid Rain investigation\n<\/p>\n
can be ordered from Carolina Biological Supply Company, kit 580803.\n<\/p>\n
Call 1-800-334-5551 to order.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Safety\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Wear your safety eyewear, gloves, and\n<\/p>\n
lab apron at all times while conducting\n<\/p>\n
this investigation.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Read all of the instructions for this laboratory activity before beginning. Follow the\n<\/p>\n
instructions closely and observe established laboratory safety practices, including\n<\/p>\n
the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) described in the Safety\n<\/p>\n
and Activity sections.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Bogen Universal Indicator is flammable. Keep this chemical away from\n<\/p>\n
any heat or flame sources.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Bogen Universal Indicator can cause damage to organs if ingested.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Do not eat, drink, or chew gum while performing this activity. Wash your hands with\n<\/p>\n
soap and water before and after performing the activity. Clean up the work area\n<\/p>\n
with soap and water after completing the investigation. Keep pets and children\n<\/p>\n
away from lab materials and equipment.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Preparation\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Prepare the vinegar (0.88 M acetic acid) dilutions and the simulated acid rain solution.\n<\/p>\n
This method of solution preparation is known as a serial dilution. This is a step-wise\n<\/p>\n
process and typically the just prepared solution is used to create the next more dilute\n<\/p>\n
solution.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. Mix 20 mL of vinegar and 80 mL of tap water in the 100-mL graduated cylinder to\n<\/p>\n
create 100 mL of 0.18 M acetic acid solution.\n<\/p>\n
2. Pour the 0.18 M solution into a plastic cup, and label the plastic cup \u20180.18 M acetic\n<\/p>\n
acid\u2019.\n<\/p>\n
3. Rinse the graduated cylinder with distilled water.\n<\/p>\n
4. Pour 10 mL of the 0.18 M solution into the graduated cylinder.\n<\/p>\n
5. Add 90 mL of tap water to the graduated cylinder.\n<\/p>\n
6. Pour the solution into a different plastic cup.\n<\/p>\n
7. Label the cup \u20180.018 M acetic acid\u2019.\n<\/p>\n
8. Rinse the graduated cylinder with water.\n<\/p>\n
9. Pour 10 mL of the 0.018 M solution into the graduated cylinder.\n<\/p>\n
10. Add 90 mL of tap water to the graduated cylinder.\n<\/p>\n
11. Pour the solution into a different plastic cup.\n<\/p>\n
12. Label the cup \u2018Simulated acid rain\u2019. This solution is 0.0018 M acetic acid.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Activity 1: Germination in an Acidic Environment\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
For this activity, the higher-concentration acetic acid solutions will be used to simulate\n<\/p>\n
the effect of continual acid precipitation on soil, leading to pH values lower than those\n<\/p>\n
resulting from just a single occurrence of acid rain.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. Place 1 piece of filter paper into 4 separate petri dishes.\n<\/p>\n
2. Label one petri dish \u2018tap water\u2019.\n<\/p>\n
3. Label the remaining 3 petri dishes with the concentrations of the different acetic\n<\/p>\n
acid solutions.\n<\/p>\n
4. Starting with distilled water, add ~7 mL of each solution to its respective dish on top\n<\/p>\n
of the filter paper. Go from lowest concentration to highest concentration (i.e.,\n<\/p>\n
simulated acid rain \uf0e0 0.18M).\n<\/p>\n
5. Drain any excess liquid into a sink.\n<\/p>\n
6. Place 20 lettuce seeds in each petri dish, on top of the saturated filter paper. Cover\n<\/p>\n
each petri dish with a lid.\n<\/p>\n
7. Place the covered petri dishes in a room-temperature well-lit location where they\n<\/p>\n
will not be disturbed.\n<\/p>\n
8. Observe the seeds in the dishes for 3 consecutive days. In Data Table 1, record the\n<\/p>\n
total number of seeds that have germinated each day. Germination has occurred\n<\/p>\n
with the seed coat splits and the first root begins to emerge from the seed.\n<\/p>\n
9. Continue with Activity 2 while waiting for seeds to germinate.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Data Table 1\n<\/p>\n
Day 0 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3\n<\/p>\n
Tap Water\n<\/p>\n
Simulated Acid\n<\/p>\n
Rain\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
0.018 M Acetic\n<\/p>\n
Acid\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
0.18 M Acetic\n<\/p>\n
Acid\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Activity 2: Buffering Capacity of Soil\n<\/p>\n
For this activity collect small soil samples of 3 different soil types. For example, clay,\n<\/p>\n
sand, topsoil, etc. You will test to see how well each soil type resists changes to its pH\n<\/p>\n
when exposed to acidic conditions.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. Using your graduated cylinder, measure 25 mL of tap water and pour it into a 250-\n<\/p>\n
mL beaker. Rinse the 100-mL graduated cylinder with tap water.\n<\/p>\n
2. Add 10 drops of Bogen Universal Indicator to the beaker of tap water. Record the\n<\/p>\n
initial color in Data Table 2.\n<\/p>\n
3. Add approximately 30 mL of 0.018 M acetic acid solution to the graduated cylinder.\n<\/p>\n
4. Use the pipet to add 5 mL of 0.018 M acetic acid. Swirl the beaker after each 5 mL\n<\/p>\n
addition until the color remains consistent. Record the color of the solution in Data\n<\/p>\n
Table 2.\n<\/p>\n
5. Continue adding acetic acid in 5 mL increments until a total of 15 mL has been\n<\/p>\n
added. Be sure to record the color of the solution after each addition.\n<\/p>\n
6. Rinse the beaker with tap water into the sink.\n<\/p>\n
7. Layer loosely at the bottom of the 250-mL beaker approximately 1 cm of the first soil\n<\/p>\n
sample.\n<\/p>\n
8. Using your graduated cylinder, measure 25 mL of tap water and pour it into a 250-\n<\/p>\n
mL beaker. Rinse the graduated cylinder with tap water.\n<\/p>\n
9. Add 10 drops of Bogen Universal Indicator to the beaker of tap water and the soil\n<\/p>\n
sample. Record the initial color in Data Table 2.\n<\/p>\n
10. Add approximately 30 mL of 0.018 M acetic acid solution to the graduated cylinder.\n<\/p>\n
11. Use the pipet to add 5 mL of 0.018 M acetic acid. Swirl the beaker after each 5 mL\n<\/p>\n
addition until the color remains consistent, you may need to let the soil settle before\n<\/p>\n
you can see the color. Record the color of the solution in Data Table 2.\n<\/p>\n
12. Continue adding acetic acid in 5 mL increments until a total of 15 mL has been\n<\/p>\n
added. Be sure to record the color of the solution after each addition.\n<\/p>\n
13. Empty the beaker into the sink, being careful not to pour the soil down the drain. Put\n<\/p>\n
excess soil in the trash.\n<\/p>\n
14. Repeat steps 8 \u2013 13 for the additional 2 soil samples.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Data Table 2\n<\/p>\n
Initial Color 5 mL Color 10 mL Color 15 mL Color\n<\/p>\n
Tap Water\n<\/p>\n
Sample 1:\n<\/p>\n
Sample 2:\n<\/p>\n
Sample 3:\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Disposal and Cleanup\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. Dispose of solutions down the drain with the water running. Allow the faucet to run a\n<\/p>\n
few minutes to dilute the solutions.\n<\/p>\n
2. Lettuce seeds and filter paper can be disposed of in the trash.\n<\/p>\n
3. Rinse and dry the lab equipment and return the materials to your equipment kit.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Has anyone done this project? Effects of Acid Rain Carolina Distance Learning Investigation Manual 2 \u00a92015 Carolina Biological Supply Company 3 \u00a92015 Carolina Biological Supply Company Table of Contents Overview …………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Objectives …………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Time Requirements ……………………………………………………………………………. 4 Background ………………………………………………………………………………………. 5 Materials ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 9 Safety ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 Preparation ……………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Activity 1: Germination in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_joinchat":[]},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155542"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=155542"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155542\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=155542"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=155542"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=155542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}