\n This assignment is an analysis of the neuropsychological disorder Schizophrenia.
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\n Create an outline
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\n of the main points to support the Week 4 Assignment. The Week 4 Assignment outline will be organized into three sections, each main section having required components. This outline is both an analysis of schizophrenia, as well as a tool to ensure the organization and main points are supported throughout the Week 4 Assignment. The more information you provide, the more feedback you will receive from your instructor, which will be helpful as you write the Week 4 Assignment.\n <\/p>\n
\n For this assignment you must:\n <\/p>\n
\n Please note:\u00a0This assignment should incorporate information from the Week 1 and Week 2 assignment (see attached), but it must expand on that information and use the template provided, which is in the format of an annotated outline.\n <\/p>\n
\n Look up Schizophrenia in the\u00a0DSM-5\u00a0(this is the same as the disorder from the attached files Week 1 and Week 2 assignments) to determine the diagnostic criteria, as well as other current information and terminology, and use this resource as one of your references (be sure to use in-text citations for the information used).\n <\/p>\n
\n This Annotated Outline:\n <\/p>\n
This assignment is an analysis of the neuropsychological disorder Schizophrenia. Create an outline of the main points to support the Week 4 Assignment. The Week 4 Assignment outline will be organized
\nRunning head: WEEK 3 OUTLINE 0 Week 3 Outline Student Name Physiological Psychology Instructor\u2019s Name Date Submitted You may delete all green \u201cTip\u201d boxes before submitting by clicking on the edge of each box, then hitting \u201cDelete\u201d. Introduction Here, identify the neuropsychological disorder using current terminology. (For behavioral\/mental health disorders, use DSM-5 current terminology; for neurological conditions not found in the DSM-5, use terminology from current clinical guidelines from appropriate professional societies). Here, define the type of disorder it is. (Neurological, Psychological, Neuropsychological) Diagnostic Criteria Here, identify what components must be present for the disorder to be diagnosed? (Use DSM-5 for mental\/behavioral health disorders; use clinical guidelines for neurological conditions not found in the DSM-5) Here, briefly identify physical and psychological signs and symptoms. Reasons for Choosing Topic If applicable, state your personal experience reason here. If applicable, state your professional experience reason here. Here, state any other reason you chose this topic. Discussion Detailed Description of Disorder Here, thoroughly identify signs and symptoms. Here, include the epidemiology. Include who is more likely affected and at risk\u2014young\/old, male\/female, rural\/urban environment, what economic groups, and what ethnicities. Here, identify any subtypes of the disorder (for mental\/behavioral health conditions, use DSM-5 for this; for neurological conditions not found in the DSM-5, use terminology from current clinical guidelines from appropriate professional societies). Description of Natural History of Disorder Here, state how the disorder develops over time with treatment. Here, state how the disorder develops over time without treatment. Methods to Diagnose, Evaluate, and Manage Disorder Here, state methods of initial diagnosis (e.g., physical exam, imaging and\/or laboratory testing, special studies, psychological evaluation, psychometric testing) \u00a0 Here, state methods of ongoing management\u00a0 (e.g., physical exam, imaging and\/or laboratory testing, special studies, psychological evaluation, psychometric testing) Risk Factors Here, identify genetic factors. Here, identify lifestyle factors. Here, identify environmental factors. Other Causes Here, identify other known causes. Here, identify theorized causes. Nervous System Structures and\/or Pathways Involved Here, detail the underlying pathology as it applies to nervous system structures (e.g., areas of the brain) and functional neural pathways (e.g., systems in the brain responsible for certain functions). Neurotransmitter(s) and Receptor System(s) Here, detail the neurotransmitters and receptor systems involved in the pathology of the disorder. Current Treatment Options Here, identify drug (pharmacological) therapies and why they would help relieve symptoms (e.g., provide information on how the drug works and why it would restore normal function by interacting with nervous system structures and\/or neurotransmitter\/receptor systems). Here, identify non-pharmacological therapies (including psychological and other therapeutic services). Here, identify types of care providers (e.g., medical, nursing, therapists). Here, identify types of healthcare setting (e.g., hospital, home, outpatient, nursing facility). Future Areas of Research Here, briefly identify needed areas of research of treatment options. Here, briefly identify needed areas of reach in the evaluation and diagnostic methods for initial diagnosis. Here, briefly identify needed areas of research for increasing knowledge relating to etiology and pathologic processes. Conclusion Write conclusion here (briefly summarize your topic and research findings) References Use APA format to create a references list containing at least 6-8 credible sources used in your outline. These references should also show up as in-text citations in the body of your outline. You may delete the Sample Discussion section before submitting your outline for grading. EXAMPLE OF PARTIAL “DISCUSSION” SECTION FOR AN OUTLINE ON PTSD: Section II: Discussion Detailed Description of Disorder Signs and symptoms: The signs and symptoms of PTSD are similar to other anxiety disorders with some exceptions. There must be a history of exposure to a traumatic event, and the symptoms must have appeared after the event. The symptoms of PTSD are variable depending on the individual and the nature of the trauma. Some people may exhibit anxiety, lack of sexual desire, dysphoria, anger, aggression, dissociative episodes, or a combination of all of the above (APA, 2013) Epidemiology: Events that may lead to the development of PTSD may include violence on the person, exposure to disasters and accidents, a result of combat events, and any other form of violence. Almost one-half of U.S. adults will experience one or more traumatic events in their life, but most do not develop PTSD (National Institutes of Health, 2017). Both men and women may be exposed to trauma, and women may seek help more quickly than men (National Center for PTSD, 2015). This condition can develop in children, and symptoms may vary depending on the age of the individual (Neuropsychiatric Hospitals, 2018). Socioeconomic factors have been found to affect the development of this disorder, such as living in an urban environment and being poor. In addition, some studies have demonstrated a higher risk of PTSD in African-Americans as compared with other races\/ethnicities (Parto, Evans, & Zonderman, 2011). Any subtypes of the disorder: Adjustment disorders may have a trauma component but does not meet the DSM-v criteria for a PTSD diagnosis. Acute stress disorder does not meet PTSD diagnostic criteria because symptoms are of a limited duration (APA, 2013). Anxiety disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder include intrusive thoughts that are indicative of PTSD, but lack the trauma component (APA, 2013).\u00a0 According to the DSM-5 : “Individuals with PTSD are 80% more likely than those without PTSD to have symptoms that meet diagnostic criteria for at least one other mental disorder” (APA, 2013, sect. II Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Comorbidity, para. 1). Detailed Description of Natural History of Disorder How the disorder develops over time with treatment: The American Psychological Association recommends four core treatments. These are all variations of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Engaging in such treatment leads to healthier behaviors and reduced emotional disruption (2018).. How the disorder develops over time without treatment: Generally, people will develop symptoms of PTSD within three months of exposure to a traumatic event, but it is not uncommon for months or years to pass before a PTSD diagnosis is appropriate (APA, 2013, sect. II Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Development and course). Methods to Diagnose, Evaluate, and Manage Disorder Initial diagnosis: Tsai et al (2012) used a variety of psychometric tests to establish a baseline in their study.\u00a0 They included the PTSD Checklist-Military version, the Family Adaptation and Cohesion Scales (FACES III), the Social Functioning Questionnaire (SFQ), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Postdeployment Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ), the Cognitive-Behavioral Avoidance Scale (CBAS, and others. This broad array of questionnaires addresses the complex nature of the disorder. Chandra et al (2009) utilized a structured interview, Index of Spouse Abuse ((ISA), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Post-Traumatic Symptom Checklist (PCL), and other scales in their study. \u00a0 2. Ongoing management: A variety of therapeutic treatment options have shown promise with PTSD in veterans and include, cognitive processing therapy, therapies focusing on acceptance and commitment, peer support groups, and educational resources for friends and family members (Tsai et al, 2012). This may be an opportune time to mention that support groups for PTSD patients tend to be oriented to the circumstances surrounding the trauma, i.e. Rape survivors and combat veterans may not benefit each other in a peer support setting.
\nThis assignment is an analysis of the neuropsychological disorder Schizophrenia. Create an outline of the main points to support the Week 4 Assignment. The Week 4 Assignment outline will be organized
\n 8 Annotated Bibliography: Schizophrenia Name University Course Professor November 29, 2021 Annotated Bibliography: Schizophrenia Laursen, T.M., Nordentoft, M., & Mortensen P.B. (2016). Excess early mortality in schizophrenia. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2016; 10, 425-438. This study gives a general introduction to schizophrenia. It defines schizophrenia as a mental disorder that is severe and chronic which affects almost 20 million people across the world. According to the study, schizophrenia is characterized by distortion in emotions, language, thinking, perception, behavior, and the sense of self. Some of the common experiences of persons having schizophrenia include hallucinations as well as delusions. Schizophrenia can jeopardize one’s education and occupational performance because of the considerable disability associated with it. People exhibiting schizophrenia are likely to have 2 to 3 times more chances of dying early than the general majority. This is because of preventable physical illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, infections, and metabolic disease. This article provides vast information about schizophrenia, starting from its definition, signs and symptoms, and adverse effects on human beings. The article provides an overview of the disease and provides a broad scope of information about it. Lora, A., Kohn, R., Levav, I., McBain, R., Morris, J., & Saxena, S. (2012). Service availability and utilization and treatment gap for schizophrenic disorders: a survey in 50 low- and middle-income countries.\u00a0Bulletin of the World Health Organization,\u00a090(1), 47\u201354B. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2471\/BLT.11.089284 This article by the World Health Organization provides complete information on the major causes of schizophrenia. According to the article, the research has not offered clear details on a single factor that causes the disease. The article only provides some of the thoughts that the disease is brought about by the interaction between genes and many environmental factors. Some psychosocial factors may also cause schizophrenia. The article is significant because it provides information that about 70% of individuals who have schizophrenia do not receive proper medication care and attention. About 90% of the population affected by schizophrenia comes from middle- or low-income countries. Inadequate mental treatment, as well as health services, is an important issue. People who have schizophrenia also do not seek medical care compared to the general population. This article will serve as a reference to highlight the disorder and the treatment gaps identified. Correll,\u00a0C.\u00a0U., & Howes,\u00a0O.\u00a0D. (2021). Treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/jcp.my20096ah1c This Journal talks about stigma and misconceptions surrounding schizophrenia. This stigma makes it very tough for individuals who exhibit this disorder to acquire help from reliable sources. They get afraid of that which others will say or think of them. The problem is that every person comes with their conclusion of the way schizophrenia looks. This article explains why many people by mistake believe that if individuals are diagnosed with schizophrenia, they appear to be more dangerous or are likely to commit crimes. This is not true. Because if someone had received a diagnosis of schizophrenia does not mean that they become dangerous or struggle with some personality disorder. This article will serve as a reference to highlight the disorder and the misconceptions surrounding schizophrenia. D\u2019Souza, H., & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2017). Neurodevelopmental disorders. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science, 8(1-2). e1398. This article talks about the medication for schizophrenia. According to this article, the best practice in the treatment of schizophrenia is medication. This is not the only treatment method available, but it is good to put it under the treatment plan. The treatment that is used to treat schizophrenia is very important since it impacts a lot on the brain’s dopamine neurotransmitter. This article enables us to understand the better treatment of schizophrenia to avoid future damages. Kim, M. (2016). Understanding the etiology and treatment approaches of schizophrenia: Theoretical perspectives and their critique. Open Journal of Psychiatry, 6(04), 253. This article talks about therapy as far as schizophrenia is concerned. It describes two types of treatment which include family therapy as well as individual therapy. Individual therapy sessions are crucial in helping individuals with schizophrenia advance their skills, learn how to cope with stress and anxiety, and understand early signs and symptoms. Family therapy will also be the same. The article helps define various treatments needed in caring for schizophrenia patients. Roccella, M., & Vetri, L. (2021). Embracing the complexity of neurodevelopmental disorders. https:\/\/ doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11111385 This article discusses various responses given by the World Health Organization in response to schizophrenia. This is a matter of global concern which calls for the attention of the World Health Organization. WHO has a body called the Mental Health Gap Action Program (mhGAP), which came to be in 2008, employing evidence-based technical guidance to enlarge services in all the countries, especially in low and middle-income countries. It shows alternative approaches by inter-governmental organizations like World Health Organization in response to schizophrenia. References Correll,\u00a0C.\u00a0U., & Howes,\u00a0O.\u00a0D. (2021). Treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/jcp.my20096ah1c D\u2019Souza, H., & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2017). Neurodevelopmental disorders. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science, 8(1-2). e1398. Kim, M. (2016). Understanding the etiology and treatment approaches of schizophrenia: Theoretical perspectives and their critique. Open Journal of Psychiatry, 6(04), 253. Laursen, T.M., Nordentoft, M., & Mortensen P.B. (2016). Excess early mortality in schizophrenia. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2016;10, 425-438. Lora, A., Kohn, R., Levav, I., McBain, R., Morris, J., & Saxena, S. (2012). Service availability and utilization and treatment gap for schizophrenic disorders: a survey in 50 low- and middle-income countries.\u00a0Bulletin of the World Health Organization,\u00a090(1), 47\u201354B. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2471\/BLT.11.089284 Roccella, M., & Vetri, L. (2021). Embracing the complexity of neurodevelopmental disorders. https:\/\/ doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11111385<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
This assignment is an analysis of the neuropsychological disorder Schizophrenia. Create an outline of the main points to support the Week 4 Assignment. The Week 4 Assignment outline will be organized into three sections, each main section having required components. This outline is both an analysis of schizophrenia, as well as a tool to ensure […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_joinchat":[]},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260178"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=260178"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260178\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=260178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=260178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qualityassignments.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=260178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}